Breakfast skipping was linked to varied outcomes, with causality unresolved
A broad review described mostly unfavorable associations but also neutral or favorable findings, with diet quality, activity, and socioeconomic factors complicating interpretation.
Based on the published abstract. The full paper may contain additional methods, results and limitations.
The 30-second takeaway
This abstract-based review links breakfast skipping with a wide range of health outcomes, but it does not establish that skipping breakfast causes those outcomes. Some findings were neutral or favorable. Differences in overall diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic circumstances make it difficult to isolate breakfast omission as the explanation for the observed associations.
The authors identify small samples, short interventions, and confounding. The abstract supplies no outcome-specific effect estimates, participant descriptions, or detailed comparisons, so the strength and consistency of individual associations remain unclear.
A broad research question
The review considered weight, diabetes, gut microbiome changes, cognition, mood, cancer, and athletic performance. This breadth describes the range of research examined; it does not show that every outcome had equally strong or consistent evidence.
Why breakfast alone is difficult to isolate
Breakfast habits were discussed alongside meal timing, calorie distribution, and socioeconomic differences. Those accompanying factors matter when interpreting associations, because the abstract cannot establish which part of the wider eating pattern accounts for a health outcome.
The original publication
Skipping breakfast and its wide-ranging health consequences: A systematic review from multiple metabolic disruptions to socioeconomic factors.
Minari TP, Pisani LP
Nutr Res · 2025
- PubMed ID
- 40845418
- Record checked
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